GENETIC DISCRIMINATION: WHAT IS IT?
Genetic discrimination is defined as the differential
treatment, either in a positive or a negative way, of an individual
on the basis of what is known or assumed about his or her genetic
makeup. A person’s genetic makeup or status can be known,
or assumed, on the basis of a family history of a genetic condition
or disorder, or a genetic test for that condition or disorder. In
recent years, there have been growing concerns about alleged practices
of such discrimination in Australia and overseas. As a result, there
have been calls for new government legislation to deal with the
ethical dilemmas emerging out of the new genetic technologies.
The differential treatment of individuals on the
basis of what is assumed or known about his or her genetic makeup
can either be to the individual’s advantage or disadvantage.
The focus of many of the concerns raised have been largely
upon the latter. It was not the intention of the Genetic Discrimination
Project however, to compile a list of discriminatory transgressions
or transgressors, but rather to provide an accurate account of the
extent and the type of genetic information being used, the justifications
for its use and the outcomes, both positive and negative, for all
parties concerned.
The Genetic Discrimination Project comprised
four sub-projects.
These were:
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